Heartburn is a painful, burning sensation in the chest or throat, typically caused by stomach acid backing up into the esophagus. This "deep" dive into the condition covers its physiological mechanisms, variations, and critical distinctions from more serious health issues. Physiological Mechanisms
The primary cause is gastroesophageal reflux (GER), where stomach contents regurgitate into the esophagus. HEART BURN
: Brain imaging shows that perceived heartburn involves activated cortical regions in the sensory, motor, and prefrontal areas, with GERD patients showing more rapid and intense brain activity than healthy individuals. Functional vs. Erosive Heartburn Not all heartburn is caused by visible physical damage. Heartburn is a painful, burning sensation in the
: Patients have typical symptoms but no visible esophageal damage during an endoscopy. : Brain imaging shows that perceived heartburn involves
: Normally, the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) acts as a seal. If this muscle becomes loose or relaxes inappropriately, acid can leak through.