: Located between 410 km and 660 km, where extreme pressure causes minerals to change their crystalline structure, becoming much denser.
: Stretching from 660 km down to the core-mantle boundary, this region is under such immense pressure that the rock remains solid despite temperatures exceeding 3,000°C. Why It Matters Earth’s mantle is
: Heat from the core creates convection currents in the mantle. These currents act like a conveyor belt, moving tectonic plates, creating mountains, and causing earthquakes. : Located between 410 km and 660 km,
: Extending from the crust to about 410 km deep, it includes the lithosphere (the rigid top layer) and the asthenosphere , a semi-fluid zone that allows tectonic plates to slide. These currents act like a conveyor belt, moving
: When mantle rock melts due to changes in pressure or composition, it becomes magma. This magma rises to the surface, creating new landmasses and releasing gases that helped form our atmosphere.