Grand Rapids  l  Okemos  l  Ann Arbor  l  West Bloomfield

Your Local Independent Bookstore Since 1982!

: Buyers often paid more for cards from specific banks they perceived as having weaker fraud countermeasures . How the Underground Market Operates

: In contrast, 83% of "card-not-present" data (used for online shopping) was sold, indicating it is in much higher demand and shorter supply.

: The analyzed shop earned roughly $104 million in gross revenue over four years.

Research from various sources, including Michigan State University and F-Secure , details the mechanics of these marketplaces: