Aristotle: Nicomachean Ethics, | Books Ii--iv: Tr...

Aristotle establishes that moral virtue is not innate but is acquired through —by repeatedly doing virtuous acts until they become part of one's character.

: Intellectual (taught) and Moral (habituated). Aristotle: Nicomachean Ethics, Books II--IV: Tr...

: To be truly virtuous, an agent must: Act with knowledge . Choose the act for its own sake. Act from a stable character disposition. ⚖️ Book III: Moral Responsibility & Primary Virtues Aristotle establishes that moral virtue is not innate

: Virtue is a "mean" state between two vicious extremes: Excess : Having too much of a trait (e.g., Rashness). Deficiency : Having too little of a trait (e.g., Cowardice). Choose the act for its own sake

: We deliberate about means , not ends . Choice is "deliberate desire" for things in our power. The First Specific Virtues

: The mean regarding bodily pleasures (specifically touch and taste). The temperate person desires pleasant things in the right amount and manner. Nicomachean Ethics by Aristotle | Book 2

: Acts done under compulsion or through ignorance (specifically of particular facts).