Credentials harvested through deceptive emails or fake login pages.

Data exfiltrated from infected user devices via malware that captures keystrokes and browser-saved passwords. 3. Security Implications for Users

Users should use a dedicated password manager (like 1Password or Bitwarden ) to ensure every account has a unique, complex password.

Most combo lists are "recycles" of older data from large-scale breaches (e.g., LinkedIn, MySpace, or smaller forum leaks).