: Between May and June 1944, over 440,000 Jewish citizens were deported, primarily to Auschwitz-Birkenau, where nearly every third victim was a Hungarian Jew.
: Following a failed attempt by Regent Miklós Horthy to switch sides in October 1944, the fascist Arrow Cross Party seized power under Ferenc Szálasi. This led to systematic massacres in Budapest, including the execution of thousands on the banks of the Danube River. Military and Political Collapse
On , Nazi Germany launched Operation Margarethe , invading its erstwhile ally Hungary. This triggered the most intensive phase of the Holocaust in Hungary:
: Launched on October 29, 1944, the siege lasted 110 days , making it one of the longest and deadliest of the war, resulting in 120,000 deaths and the destruction of 80% of the city’s buildings.
In the historical context of , Hungary underwent a series of catastrophic shifts that fundamentally altered its society, culminating in the Hungarian Tragedy . The German Occupation and Holocaust
The era is commemorated through various institutional efforts: